McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y explained

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Theory X and Theory Y suggest two aspects of human behavior at work. But what does it mean in practice? And how does Management 3.0 come into play? Facilitator André Cruz digs into it.

Motivation is a topic that is being discussed more and more as the world continues to change at an exponential rate. The explanation: It’s not just technology, business models, products, and services that evolve, but so do people.

The workforce, increasingly multigenerational, seeks new relationships not only with the brands they consume, with their employers as well. More autonomy, more purpose, and mastery items mentioned in Daniel Pink’s book (Drive) are just three of a series of items mentioned when we talk about motivation, engagement, and happiness at work.

Although new theories and practices have emerged regarding the theme, the foundations and principles of motivation are from a long time ago. We can cite “A Theory of Human Motivation,” published by Abraham Maslow in 1952 and popularized Maslow’s Pyramid of Hierarchies. The Situational Leadership Theory by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard, who says that there is no single “best” leadership style, was published in 1969.

Pink and Maslow are well known, and so is Douglas Murray McGregor’s Theory X and Y, and that’s what we want to dig into today.

Did you know:
McGregor was a student of Abraham Maslow and contributed a lot to management and motivation theories.

Theory X and Y, first published in the book “The Human Side of Enterprise” from 1960 (ok, definitely, work motivation is not something new) which brought as a provocation the question: “What are your assumptions (implicit as well as explicit) about the most effective way to manage people?”.

Bored at Work

Theory Y Assumptions

Theory Y serves as a counterpoint to Theory X’s authoritarian and control-oriented assumptions over people.

Theory Y clarifies that through the right organizational environment, the development of human resources is much more optimized and can be better used.

The premises are:

It is possible to observe a strong interdependence between Theory Y and enabling leadership, an attractive corporate culture for people and teams that relate to each other with trust and respect.

Theory X and Y in practice

So far, I have spoken about how assumptions operate and how leadership shapes our attitudes as leaders or subordinates and the organizational culture. Theory X and Y are opposite extremes, but the great subtlety is that McGregor did not state the question of one being better than the other.

Theory X and Y and Management 3.0

3.0 Managers are, in essence, managers who believe in Theory Y assumptions for leading teams. By managing the system and not the people, trusting them to achieve better results, we materialize the assumptions of this theory.

The principles that guide our practices also demonstrate this alignment:

There are also a bunch of practices that bring the assumptions of Theory Y into shape and form part of the context of teams.

Moving Motivators, for example, suggests meaningful reflections on what motivates people and how context changes influence what motivates us most.

Learn more about energizing people and how to motivate teams and team members at a Management 3.0 Workshop. Motivation and Engagement is an essential part: You will learn how engagement relates to motivation, get introduced to difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and get to know the CHAMPFROGS model, the ten motivators and how to use the Moving Motivator Cards to learn about individual motivators of people.

Conclusion: Why it is important to discuss Theory X and Theory Y?

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